substances, man-made or naturally occurring in insects, that affect growth and development of insects.

soap-based pesticides approved for application to plants to kill insects and certain mites by disrupting the cell membranes.

substances toxic to insects.

stage of growth between molts in the development of insect larvae.

method of controlling plant pests by combining biological, cultural, mechanical, physical, and/or chemical management strategies.

system of managing plant communities in which compatible and incompatible vegetation are identified, action thresholds are considered, control methods are evaluated, and selected control(s) are implemented to achieve a specific objective. Choice of control methods is based on effectiveness, environmental impact, site characteristics, safety, security, and economics.

between the nodes on a stem.

region of the stem between two successive nodes. Contrast with node.

yellowing of interveinal tissue.

leaf tissue between the veins or vascular bundles.

organisms not native to a region. Contrast with exotic species, native species, and naturalized species.

non-native organisms likely to spread, disrupting the natural balance of an ecosystem.

atom or a group of atoms with a positive or negative charge.

see Integrated Pest Management.

see Integrated Vegetation Management.

brief meeting of a tree crew at the start of every job to communicate the work plan, responsibilities and requirements, and any potential hazards.

see carabiner.

slit or cut made by a saw in a log. Space created by a saw cut.

rope construction with a cover and a core in which the core yarns are not braided but consist of twisted fibers. Contrast with 3-strand rope.

see identification key.