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Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| exfoliating |
peeling off in shreds or layers.
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| exotic species |
not native or indigenous to a region. May be invasive. Contrast with introduced species, native species, and naturalized species.
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| exotropy |
ability of a root to resume its original direction of growth after being deflected by an object.
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| extra-high-strength (EHS) cable |
type of 7-strand steel cable, often used to cable trees. Stronger but less flexible than common-grade cable. Must be terminated with dead-end tree grips.
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| exudation |
oozing from pores or breaks in cell membranes.
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| eye bolt |
cable anchor with a closed eye, usually machine threaded. Only drop-forged eye bolts are accepted and approved for tree support systems in the United States.
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| eye sling |
see dead-eye sling.
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| eye splice |
(1) in cabling, a closed termination loop, hand formed in common-grade cable by wrapping the successive strands back upon the standing part to attach the cable to anchor hardware. (2) a splice that forms a closed eye or loop.
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| eye-to-eye sling |
sling (usually a length of spliced rope) with an eye at each end. Also called eye-and-eye sling.
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| face cut |
notch cut used to help control the direction of fall of trees or branches being removed.
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| face notch |
wedge-shaped cut forming the front of the hinge. Used to help control the direction of fall of trees or branches being removed. Scarf cut.
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| fall |
part of the rigging line from the rigging point to the anchor point. Contrast with lead.
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| fall protection |
equipment and techniques designed to ensure a climber will not fall from a tree or an aerial lift.
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| false crotch |
device installed in a tree to hold and direct ropes during climbing or rigging because there is not a suitable natural crotch available, or to protect an available crotch, and/or to reduce wear on ropes.
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| family |
taxonomic group under the order level and above the genus level.
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| feeder (distribution feeder) |
high-priority electric distribution supply line, generally 12,000 to 34,500 volts, that carries electricity from distribution substations to other primary distribution supply lines or distribution transformers.
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| fermentation |
(1) incomplete path of respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen. (2) the conversion of sugars to alcohol and other metabolites by the action of microorganisms that may invade a tree
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| fiber |
(1) elongated, tapering, thick-walled cell that provides strength to wood. (2) smallest component of a rope.
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| field capacity |
maximum soil moisture content following the drainage of water due to the force of gravity. Compare to available water, gravitational water, permanent wilting point, and saturation point.
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| figure-8 descender |
metal device used to provide friction on a rope in climbing or very light rigging. See descender.
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