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Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| buffering capacity |
ability of a soil to maintain (i.e., resist change in) its pH.
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| bulk density |
mass of soil per unit volume. Often used as a measure of compaction.
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| buntline hitch |
simple hitch commonly used to attach a line to a piece of hardware.
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| burl (burr, in British English) |
an abnormal swelling of a tree trunk characterized by swirling wood grain and meristematic tissue. Wood with these structures is prized for woodworking. Contrast with gall.
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| burlap |
(1) strong, coarsely woven cloth made from fibers of jute, flax, or hemp. (2) a burlaplike fabric made of synthetic fibers. Both are used for containing soil in a root ball. See balled and burlapped.
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| bushing |
(1) metallic tube or lining, without moving parts, to reduce friction between mechanical parts such as a pulley sheave and an axle; also the nonrotating sheave used to increase the bend radius for the sling attachment. Contrast with bearing. (2) a device, often made of rubber or plastic, to reduce vibration or wear between mechanical parts. (3) a fitting used to connect plumbing parts of different diameters (such as in spray equipment).
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| butt rot |
decay of the lower trunk, trunk flare, or buttress roots. See crown rot.
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| butt-hitching |
method of lowering pieces when the rigging point is below the work, traditionally without the use of a block. Contrast with blocking.
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| butt-tying |
tying off a limb at the butt (larger) end for rigging.
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| butterfly knot |
knot that can be used to form a loop in the standing part of a line.
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| buttress roots |
roots at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize mechanical stress.
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| cable aid |
device used to tighten lags and aid in cable installation.
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| cable anchor |
hardware to which a cable termination is affixed in a cabling or guying installation.
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| cable clamp |
double-bolted, U-shaped clamp, sometimes used to secure tree cables. Not acceptable or approved for tree support systems in the United States.
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| cable grip |
mechanical device that grasps and holds the cable during installation.
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| cabling |
installation of steel or synthetic cable in a tree to provide supplemental support to weak branches or crotches.
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| callus |
undifferentiated tissue formed by the cambium, usually as the result of wounding. Contrast with woundwood.
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| cambium |
thin layer(s) of meristematic cells that give rise (outward) to the phloem and (inward) to the xylem, increasing stem and root diameter.
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| canker |
localized diseased area on stems, roots, and branches. Often shrunken and discolored.
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| canopy |
collective branches and foliage of a tree or group of trees
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