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Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| slippery bend |
knot used to attach two lines that can be released quickly by pulling on the final tucked bight.
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| slow-release fertilizer (fertiliser, in |
fertilizer that is at least 50 percent water-insoluble nitrogen (WIN). Rate of release may vary depending upon soil moisture and temperature. Contrast with quick-release fertilizer.
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| slowly soluble fertilizer (fertiliser, i |
fertilizer formulation that is slowly hydrolyzed in the soil.
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| snap |
connecting device used by tree climbers, primarily for connecting the climbing line to the saddle. Contrast with carabiner.
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| snap cut |
cutting technique in which offset, bypassing cuts are made so that a section can be broken off easily. See mismatch cut.
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| snatch block |
kind of block (pulley) that can be opened on one side to receive the bight of a rope.
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| snatching |
rigging operation in which a section of upright stem is lowered off itself using a block or strop.
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| sodic soils |
soils with relatively low levels of soluble salts and a concentration of sodium high enough to adversely affect soil structure (symptoms include waterlogging, erosion, soil surface crusting, and poor plant growth). Soils >12 SAR. See sodium absorption ratio.
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| sodium absorption ratio (SAR) |
measure of soil sodium content. Ratio of sodium ion concentration to that of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) (soluble salts). See sodic soils.
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| soft rot |
decay of plant tissues characterized by the breakdown of tissues within the cell walls. Contrast with brown rot and white rot.
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| soil |
surface layers of sand, clay, silt, and organic material on the surface of the earth that support plants.
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| soil aeration |
see aeration.
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| soil amendment |
material added to soil to improve its physical, chemical, and/or biological properties.
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| soil analysis |
analysis of soil to determine pH, mineral composition, structure, salinity, and other characteristics.
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| soil auger |
(1) device for removing cores of soil for inspecting or testing. (2) device (drill bit) used to drill holes in the soil for vertical mulching or for the drill-hole method of fertilizing. See earth auger.
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| soil compaction |
compression of the soil, often as a result of vehicle or heavy-equipment traffic, that breaks down soil aggregates and reduces soil volume and total pore space, especially macropore space.
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| soil horizon |
layer or zone of the soil profile with physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that differ from adjacent layers.
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| soil particle |
smallest grains of soil categorized by size into clay, silt, or sand.
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| soil profile |
vertical section through the soil and all of the soil horizons.
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| soil reaction |
pH (acidity or alkalinity) of a soil.
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