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Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| palmate |
type of compound leaf with veins or leaflets radiating in a fanlike pattern. Contrast with bipinnate and pinnate.
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| parasite |
organism living in or on another living organism (host) from which it derives nourishment to the detriment of the host, sometimes killing the host. Contrast with epiphyte and saprophyte.
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| parenchyma cells |
thin-walled, living cells essential in photosynthesis, radial transport, energy storage, and production of protective compounds.
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| parent branch |
larger branch or stem from which a smaller, lateral branch arises.
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| parent material |
soil bedrock or base material from which a soil profile develops.
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| pathogen |
causal agent of disease. Usually refers to microorganisms.
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| peavey |
lever with an adjustable hook and a sharp spike instead of a blunt end. Used for handling and rolling logs. Traditionally made with a stout wooden lever but now often made of metal. Named for its inventor Joseph Peavey. Contrast with cant hook.
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| peen |
act of bending, rounding, or flattening the end of through-hardware for the purpose of preventing the nut from backing off.
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| perched water table |
accumulation of water in an upper soil layer above the actual water table, resulting when drainage in an area is impeded by an impermeable layer, such as rock or heavy clay, or when the interface between soil layers has become stratified (i.e., with sharp contrast in soil pore sizes).
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| percolation |
movement of water through the soil. Contrast with infiltration.
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| permanent branches |
in structural pruning of young trees, branches that will be left in place, often forming the initial scaffold framework of a tree. Contrast with temporary branches.
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| permanent wilting point |
point at which a plant cannot pull any more water from the soil and suffers permanent damage. Compare to available water, field capacity, gravitational water, and saturation point.
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| pest |
organism (including, but not limited to, weeds, insects, or fungi) that is damaging, noxious, or a nuisance.
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| pest resistance |
in plants, the tendency to withstand or to not develop certain pest problems.
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| pest resurgence |
increase in the population of a pest following a reduction in the population of natural predators or parasites of that pest. Usually the result of a nonspecific pesticide or unfavorable environmental condition.
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| pesticide |
any chemical used to control or kill unwanted pests such as weeds, insects, or fungi.
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| petiole |
stalk or support axis of a leaf.
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| petiolule |
stalk of a leaflet.
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| pH |
unit of measure that describes the alkalinity or acidity of a solution. Negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. Measured on a scale from 0 to 14. Greater than 7 is alkaline, less than 7 is acid, and 7 is neutral (pure water). See acidity and alkalinity.
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| phase |
in utility arboriculture, a primary line affixed to a pole or cross arm. Technically, phase refers to the synchronized movement of electrical energy and pertains to common designs of electric supply lines such as single phase (one primary conductor) or three phase (three primary conductors).
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