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Arboriculture Glossary of Terms
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| radial aeration |
see radial trenching.
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| radial shake |
see frost crack.
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| radial transport |
lateral movement of substances, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tree or stem.
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| radial trenching |
technique for aerating the soil around a tree by removing and replacing soil (which may be amended) in trenches made in a spokelike pattern (radially from the trunk) in the root zone to improve conditions for root growth. Contrast with horizontal boring, trenching, and tunneling.
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| raising |
selective pruning to provide vertical clearance. See crown raising.
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| ratcheting bollard |
bollard-type lowering device equipped with a mechanism for lifting loads.
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| ray |
parenchyma tissues that extend radially across the xylem and phloem of a tree and function in transport, storage, structural strength, and defense.
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| reaction force |
force of equal magnitude exerted in the opposite direction of a force acting on a body.
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| reaction wood |
wood formed in leaning or crooked stems or on lower or upper sides of branches as a means of counteracting the effects of gravity. See compression wood and tension wood.
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| reaction zone |
natural boundary formed chemically within a tree to separate damaged wood from existing healthy wood. Important in the process of compartmentalization. Contrast with barrier zone.
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| reactive force |
force generated in response and opposite to another force. Often demonstrated when operating a chain saw.
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| redirect |
(1) (verb) changing the path of a climbing or rigging line to modify the forces on, or the direction of, the line. (2) (noun) a system installed to change the path of a climbing or rigging line.
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| reduction |
pruning to decrease height and/or spread of a branch or crown. See drop-crotch pruning.
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| reduction cut |
pruning cut that reduces the length of a branch or stem back to a lateral branch large enough to assume apical dominance.
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| reiteration |
an asexual reproductive strategy of trees such as aspen (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.), which produce new trees or groups of trees by root suckering. See sucker.
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| reliability-centered management (RCM) |
scheduling of preventive maintenance (including utility arboriculture and Integrated Vegetation Management) to maximize electric service reliability and cost efficiency.
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| removal cut |
cut that removes a branch at its point of origin. Collar cut.
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| replacement cost method (RCM) |
method to appraise the monetary value of trees considered replaceable with nursery or field-grown stock. Based on the cost of replacement with the same or a comparable species of the same size and in the same place, subject to depreciation for various factors. Contrast with trunk formula method.
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| rescue kit |
climbing gear and emergency equipment that should be set out on every job site and available to conduct an aerial rescue and apply first aid.
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| rescue pulley |
light-duty pulley used in light rigging operations.
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