cut on the underside of a branch or stem being removed to prevent unwanted tearing as the part being removed falls.

regulations that address and specify fire prevention standards and measures. Affects utility arboriculture because it defines minimum clearance distances to be maintained between vegetation and electrical conductors. Also addresses issues pertaining to flammable liquids, hazardous materials storage, explosives, and new construction and building operations.

fire prevention standards and regulations developed by the International Fire Code Institute that define the difference between urban areas and wildlands. Affects utility arboriculture because it defines minimum clearance distances around electrical lines. Also addresses proper planning, construction techniques, defensible space, vegetation control, and land uses.

management of naturally occurring and planted trees and associated plants in urban areas.

(1) an entity in the public (government) or private (company) sector that provides services including communications such as telephone, data, and CATV; electrical generation, transmission, and distribution; flood control; gas, steam, or other energy transmission and distribution; sewage collection, transmission, and treatment; transportation, including railroads; and water collection or pumping, treatment, and distribution. (2) the facilities associated with any particular utility. (3) an economic concept considered in the appraisal of monetary value; the ability to satisfy human desires, needs, and wants; the quality of usefulness.

branch or service line of arboriculture that provides services to utilities. Often requires specialized equipment and training of workers. Often subject to standards of practice

selective removal of vegetation, especially tree branches, that could affect electric supply lines or other utility facilities.

pruning around or near utility facilities with the object of maintaining safe and reliable utility service.